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The lamina muscularis mucosae (or muscularis mucosae) is a thin layer of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria mucosae and separating it from the submucosa. It is present in a continuous fashion from the oesophagus to the upper rectum (the exact nomenclature of the rectum’s muscle layers is still being debated). A discontinuous muscularis mucosae-like muscle layer is present in the urinary tract, from the renal pelvis to urinary bladder; as it is discontinuous it should not be regarded as a true muscularis mucosae. In the gastrointestinal tract, the term mucosa or "mucous membrane" refers to the combination of epithelium, lamina propria, and (where it occurs) muscularis mucosae.〔H.G. Burkitt et al., ''Wheater's Functional Histology, 3rd ed.''〕 The etymology suggests this, since the Latin names translate to "the mucosa's own special layer" (''lamina propria mucosae'') and "muscular layer of the mucosa" (''lamina muscularis mucosae''). The muscularis mucosae is composed of several thin layers of smooth muscle fibers oriented in different ways which keep the mucosal surface and underlying glands in a constant state of gentle agitation to expel contents of glandular crypts and enhance contact between epithelium and the contents of the lumen. ==Additional images== Image:Gray1033.png|Section of the human esophagus. Moderately magnified. Image:Gray1053.png|Section of mucous membrane of human stomach, near the cardiac orifice. Image:Gray1082.png|Section of mucous membrane of human rectum. X 60. Image:Illu stomach layers.jpg|Layers of stomach wall Image:Gut wall.svg|General structure of the gut wall showing the Muscularis mucosa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「muscularis mucosae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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